人教版  必修5重點(diǎn)詞匯、短語(yǔ)、句型、語(yǔ)法全匯總

人教版 | 必修5

重點(diǎn)詞匯、短語(yǔ)、句型、語(yǔ)法全匯總

Unit1 Great scientists

【重點(diǎn)詞匯、短語(yǔ)】

1. put forward 提出

2. conclude 結(jié)束，結(jié)論

3. draw a conclusion 得出結(jié)論

4. defeat 打敗

5. attend 照顧，護(hù)理，出席

6. expose to 使顯露

7. cure 治愈，治療

8. challenge 挑戰(zhàn)

9. suspect 懷疑，被懷疑者

10. blame 責(zé)備

11. handle 柄，把手，處理，掌控

12. link 聯(lián)系，連接

13. link to 將…和…連接

14. announce 宣布

15. contribute 捐獻(xiàn)，貢獻(xiàn)

16. apart from 除了

17. be strict with 對(duì)…嚴(yán)格

18. make sense 講的通，有意義

19. spin 使旋轉(zhuǎn)

20. reject 拒絕，拋棄

【重點(diǎn)句型】

1. What do you know about infectious diseases?

你對(duì)傳染性疾病了解多少?

2. John Snow was a famous doctor in London – so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.

約翰?斯諾是倫敦一位著名的醫(yī)生——他的確醫(yī)術(shù)精湛，因而成為維多利亞女王的私人大夫。

3. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.

但當(dāng)他一想到要幫助患了霍亂的普通老百姓，他就感到很振奮。

4. Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood.

人們既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治療方法。

5. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.

他知道，在找到病源之前，霍亂疫情是無(wú)法控制的。

6. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.

第二種看法是在吃飯的時(shí)候人們把這種病毒引入體內(nèi)的。

7. John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.

約翰?斯諾猜想第二個(gè)理論是正確的，但他需要證據(jù)。

8. It seemed that the water was to blame.

看來(lái)要?dú)w罪于飲用水了。

9. He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used.

約翰?斯諾馬上叫寬街上驚惶失措的老百姓拆掉水泵的把手，這樣水泵就用不成了。

10. In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.

在倫敦的另一個(gè)地區(qū)，他從兩個(gè)與寬街爆發(fā)的霍亂有關(guān)聯(lián)的死亡病例中又發(fā)現(xiàn)了有力證據(jù)。

【語(yǔ)法總結(jié)】

過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)

一. 過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)

作表語(yǔ)用的過(guò)去分詞表示主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)，相當(dāng)于形容詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)主謂關(guān)系；被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,絕大多數(shù)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的行為執(zhí)行者還可以用by短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示。

1. 過(guò)去分詞做表語(yǔ)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的差異:      

The store is now closed.(系表)  

The library is usually closed at 8:00 p.m. (被動(dòng))      

2. 某些過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，多半用來(lái)表示人物所處的心理狀態(tài)或情感變化, 其主語(yǔ)主要是人。  

這類過(guò)去分詞通常為下列過(guò)去分詞: delighted, devoted, discouraged , astonished, frightened, excited, inspired, encouraged, interested, contented, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, tired, worried, ect .

二. 過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)

作定語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是它所修飾的名詞。及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，既表被動(dòng)又表完成；不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，只表完成。

1. 過(guò)去分詞用作定語(yǔ)，如果是單個(gè)的，置于其所修飾的名詞之前。

We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions.

我們必須使我們的思想適應(yīng)改變了的情況。

2. 過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)用作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，置于其所修飾的名詞之后，其意義相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，但較從句簡(jiǎn)潔，多用于書面語(yǔ)中。

The concert given by their friends was a success.

他們朋友舉行的音樂(lè)會(huì)大為成功。

3. 過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)有時(shí)也可用作非限制性定語(yǔ)，前后常有逗號(hào)。

The meeting，attended by over five thousand people，welcomed the great hero.

他們舉行了歡迎英雄的大會(huì)，到會(huì)的有五千多人。

Unit2 The United Kingdom

【重點(diǎn)詞匯、短語(yǔ)】

1. consist  組成，在于，一致

2. consist of 由…組成

3. divide…into 把…分成

4. break away from 脫離

5. to one’s credit 在…的名下，為…帶來(lái)榮譽(yù)

6. attract 吸引，引起注意

7. leave out 省去，遺漏，不考慮

8. plus 加上，和，正的

9. take the place of 代替

10. break down 損壞，破壞

11. arrange 安排

12. fold 折疊，對(duì)折

13. delight 快樂(lè)，高興，喜悅

【重點(diǎn)句型】

1. How many countries does the UK consist of?

聯(lián)合王國(guó)由幾個(gè)國(guó)家組成?

2. You can easily clarify this question if you study British history.

如果你學(xué)習(xí)了英國(guó)歷史，很容易就能弄清楚這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

3. Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well.

令人高興的是，這件事沒(méi)有引起沖突就完成了，那時(shí)候蘇格蘭的詹姆斯國(guó)王也成為了英格蘭和威爾士的國(guó)王。

4. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government.

然而，愛(ài)爾蘭的南部卻不愿意而分離出去了，并建立了自己的政府。

5. To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas.

值得表?yè)P(yáng)的是，這四個(gè)國(guó)家的確在一些方面共同合作。

6. England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones.

在這四個(gè)國(guó)家中，英格蘭最大，為了方便起見(jiàn)，它大致被分為了三個(gè)地區(qū)。

7. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.

如果你想要使你的英國(guó)之旅愉快又有意義，你就必須留心觀察。

8. Worried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London.

由于擔(dān)心時(shí)間不夠，張萍玉早就把她想在倫敦參觀的地點(diǎn)列了一張單子。

9. It looked splendid when first built.

剛建成的時(shí)候，它看起來(lái)真是金碧輝煌。

10. What interested her most was the longitude line.

她最感興趣的是那條經(jīng)線。

【語(yǔ)法總結(jié)】

過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)

過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)或性質(zhì)，過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作和賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。

一. 能接過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有三類：

1. 表示感覺(jué)或心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如：see, hear, feel, watch, notice；think（認(rèn)為）, consider, find等。

We saw the thief caught by the police.

我看見(jiàn)小偷被警察抓住了。  

We thought the game lost.

我們認(rèn)為球賽輸了。  

2. 表示“致使”或“保持某狀態(tài)”意義的動(dòng)詞，如：make, get, have, keep, leave等。  

Don’t leave such an important thing undone.

不要讓這么重要的事沒(méi)有人做。  

He had his hat blown away on his way home.

在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。  

3. 表示“希望、要求、命令”等動(dòng)詞，如：want, wish, like, expect, order等。

I want the house white-washed before we move in.

我想要房子在我搬進(jìn)去之前粉刷完。

He won’t like such questions discussed at the meeting.  

他不喜歡在會(huì)上討論這樣的問(wèn)題。

二. "with +賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞"結(jié)構(gòu)

"with +賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞"結(jié)構(gòu)中，過(guò)去分詞用作介詞with的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。這一結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作時(shí)間，方式，條件，原因等狀語(yǔ)。例如：

1. The murderer was brought in,with his hands tied behind his back.兇手被帶進(jìn)來(lái)了,他的雙手被綁在背后.(表方式)
2. With water heated,we can see the steam.水一被加熱,我們就會(huì)看到水蒸氣.(表?xiàng)l件)
3. With the matter settled,we all went home.事情得到解決,我們都回家了.(表原因)

Unit3 Life in the Future

【重點(diǎn)詞匯、短語(yǔ)】

1. impression 印象，感想

2. take up 拿起，開(kāi)始，繼續(xù)

3. constant 時(shí)常發(fā)生的，連續(xù)不斷的

4. previous 在前的，早先的

5. guide 指導(dǎo)，向?qū)?/span>

6. lack 缺乏，沒(méi)有

7. lose sight of 看不見(jiàn)

8. sweep up 橫掃

9. slide into 移動(dòng)，溜進(jìn)

10. optimistic 樂(lè)觀的

11. speed up 加速

12. desert 沙漠

13. instant 瞬間，片刻

14. settlement 定居，解決

【重點(diǎn)句型】

1. I have to remind myself constantly that I am really in AD 3008.

我得不斷提醒自己我真的到公元3008年了。

2. At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate.

開(kāi)始的時(shí)候,新的環(huán)境讓我難以忍受。

3. The air seemed thin, as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left.

空氣似乎很稀薄，好像在混合的氣體中剩下的氧氣很少。

4. Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached.

由于缺乏新鮮空氣，我感到頭痛。

5. Soon I was back on my feet again and following him to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer.

很快我又重新振作起來(lái)，然后跟隨他領(lǐng)取了一部由電腦控制的氣墊車。

6. However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.

可是，當(dāng)我們到達(dá)一個(gè)看上去像大市場(chǎng)的地方時(shí)，由于太多車子朝四面八方飛奔，我看不見(jiàn)王平了。

7. He was swept up into the center of them.

他被卷入到這群車隊(duì)中去了。

8. Arriving at a strange-looking house, he showed me into a large, bright clean room.

到了一幢看上去很奇怪的房子里，他把握帶到一個(gè)明亮而清潔的大房間。

9. I found later that their leaves provided the room with much-needed oxygen.

后來(lái)我才發(fā)現(xiàn)，就是這些樹(shù)的葉子為這棟房屋提供了最急需的氧氣。

【語(yǔ)法總結(jié)】

過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)

過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，可表示時(shí)間，原因，條件等，可發(fā)展為一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)其邏輯主語(yǔ)為主句的主語(yǔ)。

過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的具體用法：

1. 過(guò)去分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。例如：

Asked (When he was asked) what had happened, he lowered his head.

當(dāng)他被問(wèn)問(wèn)題的時(shí)候,他低下了頭。

2. 過(guò)去分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。例如：

Frightened (=Because / As she was frightened) by the tiger, the girl didn't dare to sleep alone.

因?yàn)楹ε吕匣?/span>, 這個(gè)女孩不敢單獨(dú)睡覺(jué)。

3. 過(guò)去分詞作條件狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。例如：

Grown (If these seeds are grown) in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.

如果種在肥沃的土壤里，這些種子能長(zhǎng)得很快。

4. 過(guò)去分詞作讓步狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。例如：

Left (Although he was left) at home, John didn't feel afraid at all.

雖然John被單獨(dú)留在房間里, 他一點(diǎn)都不害怕。

5. 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)表示伴隨動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。例如：

The teacher entered the classroom, (and he was) followed by a group of students.

老師進(jìn)入教室，后面跟著一幫學(xué)生。

Unit4 Making the News

【重點(diǎn)詞匯、短語(yǔ)】

1. delighted 快樂(lè)的，欣喜的

2. assist 幫助，協(xié)助

3. process 加工，處理，過(guò)程，程序

4. concentrate on 集中，聚集

5. acquire 獲得，學(xué)到

6. assess 評(píng)估，評(píng)定

7. inform 通知

8. depend on 依靠

9. accuse… of 控告

10. so as to 為了

11. demand 需求，要求

12. ahead of 在…前面

13. approve 許可，批準(zhǔn)

【重點(diǎn)句型】

1. Never will Zhou Yang forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper.

周陽(yáng)永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記他在一家知名的英語(yǔ)報(bào)報(bào)社第一天上班的工作任務(wù)。

2. You’ll find your colleagues very eager to assist you, so you may be able to concentrate on photography later if you’re interested.

你將會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你的同事們會(huì)熱情地幫助你，如果你對(duì)攝影感興趣，以后你可以集中精力去鉆研。

3. Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills.

對(duì)攝影我不只是感興趣，在大學(xué)里我還專修過(guò)業(yè)余攝影課來(lái)更新我的技術(shù)。

4. Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know.

只有提很多不同的問(wèn)題，你才能收集到你需要的信息。

5. They must use research to inform themselves of the missing parts of the story.

他們必須通過(guò)調(diào)查研究來(lái)獲悉被遺漏的那部分情況。

6. Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the persons said.

同時(shí)，你還要根據(jù)被采訪人所說(shuō)的話準(zhǔn)備提出下一個(gè)問(wèn)題。

7. Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick?

你們有沒(méi)有過(guò)這樣的情況：有人控告你的記者，說(shuō)他們的報(bào)道完全失實(shí)呢？

8. This is how the story goes.

事情是這樣的。

9. He denied taking money but we were sceptical.

他否認(rèn)收了錢，但我們對(duì)此表示懷疑。

10. It was a dilemma because the footballer could have demanded damages if we were wrong.

這事有些為難，因?yàn)槿绻覀冨e(cuò)了，這名足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員就可以向我們索要賠償。

【語(yǔ)法總結(jié)】倒裝句（點(diǎn)擊“倒裝句”即可查看全部?jī)?nèi)容）

Unit5 First aid

【重點(diǎn)詞匯、短語(yǔ)】

1. first aid 急救

2. fall ill 生病

3. poison 毒藥，使中毒

4. electric shock 觸電，電休克

5. swell 使膨脹，隆起

6. squeeze 榨，擠

7. squeeze out 榨出，擠出

8. over and over again 反復(fù)，多次

9. in place 在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?/span>

10. pour 倒，灌

11. a number of 許多

12. put one’s hands on 找到

13. treat 治療，對(duì)待，款待

14. apply 應(yīng)用，運(yùn)用，申請(qǐng)

15. make a difference 區(qū)別對(duì)待，有影響，起（重要）作用

【重點(diǎn)句型】

1. Burns are called first degree, second degree or third degree burns depending on which layers of the skins are burnt.

根據(jù)皮膚燒傷的層次而有一度燒傷、二度燒傷和三度燒傷。

2. Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.

除非衣服黏貼在燒傷面上，否則如果必須的話就要用剪刀把衣物移除。

3. If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible.

如果燒傷的部位在臂部或腿部，可能的話，就要把他們抬高到高于心臟的位置。

4. …it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.

……立即把受害者送往醫(yī)院或送去看醫(yī)生至關(guān)重要。

5. John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.

約翰正在房里學(xué)習(xí)，突然聽(tīng)到一聲尖叫。

6. She was lying in her front garden bleeding very heavily.

她躺在前花園的地上，流血不止。

7. He immediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages, …

他立即向旁邊的一些人要繃帶，……

8. He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived.

他使勁地按住傷口，使血流得慢些，一直等到警察和救護(hù)車的到來(lái)。

8. There is no doubt that Jon’s quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade’s life.

毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，是敏捷的思維和在學(xué)校學(xué)到的急救技術(shù)，使得斯萊德女士的生命得救了。

9. It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference. 這說(shuō)明了急救知識(shí)的確能發(fā)揮重要的作用。